![]() The doses are very very low and therefore the probability of cancer induction could be almost negligible. Low dose here means additional small doses comparable to the normal background radiation ( 10 µSv = average daily dose received from natural background). In case of radiation from bananas, we are talking about so called “low doses”. radiation dose to low-dose levels, given a known risk at a high dose: LNT model, and hormesis model. Alternative assumptions for the extrapolation of the cancer risk vs. This analogy, in a certain sense, can be applied to radiation also from radiation sources. If you are too far from heat source, the insufficiency of heat can also hurt you. If you are at the right distance, you can withstand there without any problems and moreover it is comfortable. If you are too close, the intensity of heat radiation is high and you can get burned. It is very similar as for heat from a fire (less energetic radiation). In each case, intensity of radiation also matters. But it does not mean, that it must be dangerous. We must emphasize, eating bananas, working as airline flight crew or living in locations with, increases your annual dose rate. It must be added, for supersonic planes like the Concorde, that could make a transatlantic flight in 3.5 hours, the exposure rate (about 9 μSv/h) at their altitude of 18 km was increased enough to result in the same cosmic ray exposure per crossing as for conventional jets trundling along at about 8 km. A dose rate of 4 μSv/h may be used to represent the average dose rate for all long haul flights (due to higher altitudes). At the maximum flight altitude (8.8 km or 29,000 ft) it can reach about 2.0 μSv/h (or even higher values). Dose Rate during Flightĭuring flight, we are more exposed to cosmic radiation than at the ground. The annual cosmic ray dose at sea level is around 0.27 mSv (27 mrem). The remainder comes from electrons produced by the muons or present in the electromagnetic cascade. At ground level the muons, with energies mostly between 1 and 20 GeV, contribute about 75 % of the absorbed dose rate in free air. Since pions are short-lived subatomic particles, the subsequent decay of the pions result in the production of high-energy muons. Subsequently, a large number of secondary particles, in particular, neutrons and charged pions are produced as a result of interactions between primary particles and the earth’s atmosphere. The precise nature of this remaining fraction is an area of active research. ![]() A very small fraction are stable particles of antimatter, such as positrons or antiprotons. The energy of these particles range between 10 8 eV and 10 20 eV. The primary cosmic radiation consist of a mixture of high-energy protons (~87%), alpha particles (~11%), high-energy electrons (~1%) and a trace of heavier nuclei (~1%). ![]() The effects of the earth’s magnetic field also determines the dose from cosmic radiation. If you live at higher elevations or are a frequent airline passenger, this exposure can be significantly higher, since the atmosphere is thinner here. air shower), typically beta and gamma radiation. Charged particles (especially high-energy protons) from the sun and outer space interact with the earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field to produce a shower of radiation (i.e. The earth has always been bombarded by high-energy particles originating in outer space that generate secondary particle showers in the lower atmosphere. Cosmic radiation refers to sources of radiation in the form of cosmic rays that come from the Sun or from outer space.
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